I guess everyone who watches sageuk or taeha is more or less familiar with such words like seja, gongju, mama, jeonha. But in any case, a list of such terms may be useful.
Inside the palace complex, names were rarely used, and this is why those titles come in handy.
Here is the website of Royal Family in Korea (yes, the descendants are living): http://www.royalcity.or.kr/
The list was quite hard to find, but here it is, info taken from wikipedia:
King
(wang, 왕,
王), the king, with the style of
His Majesty (jeonha, 전하, 殿下) or, not
as correct but yet still quite common, His Royal Highness (mama, 마마, 媽媽). Before the style of
"jeonha" were used a variety of titles for the king. Native names
such as "naratnim" (나랏님) and "imgeum" (임금) were also
used colloquially. For references to late monarchs the title was Great
Predecessor King (seondaewang, 선대왕, 先大王)
or Great King (daewang, 대왕, 大王); for
foreign envoys the title used was State King (gugwang, 국왕, 國王); and for those in the court
who needed to mention the king outside his presence, and thus more formality
was required in addressing the monarch, the title was Current King (geum-sang, 금상, 今上),Sovereign (jusang, 주상 , 主上 or sanggam, 상감 , 上監), or Grand Palace (daejeon, 대전, 大殿). The style remained the
same for all titles with the exception of queens dowager and the relatively few
kings who abdicated, who simply addressed or mentioned the king without using
his style.
Queen
consort (wangbi, 왕비, 王妃), the queen
consort, with the style of Her Royal Highness (mama, 마마, 媽媽). The title used in the
court language was Center Palace (junggungjeon, 중궁전, 中宮殿
or jungjeon, 중전
, 中殿). Queens consort that
remained married to the king until their death were generally given a title
consisting of two Hanja in the front and the customary suffix Queen (wanghu, 왕후, 王后) in the back.
King
Former (sangwang, 상왕, 上王), a king
who has voluntarily abdicated for his son to take his place. They usually
remained influential or even powerful through the remaining years of their
lives. The style of His Majesty (jeonha, 전하, 殿下)
or, less frequently but yet still quite common, His Royal Highness (mama, 마마, 媽媽) was used.
Queen Dowager (daebi, 대비, 大妃),
the current incumbent of the throne's mother, with the style of Her Royal
Highness (mama, 마마, 媽媽). Queens
dowager often exercised a great deal of influence on the king's influence
through their regencies, which took place when the king was too young to rule
in his own name, or simply through their role as the mother or even a senior
female relative of the monarch.
Grand King Former (taesangwang, 태상왕, 太上王),
an abdicated king whose relinquishment of power precedes that of another former
king. The style of His Majesty (jeonha, 전하, 殿下)
or, less frequently but yet still quite common, His Royal Highness (mama, 마마, 媽媽) was used.
Royal Queen Dowager (wangdaebi, 왕대비, 王大妃),
a former consort preceding the least senior queen dowager or current king's
aunt or grandmother, with the style of Her Royal Highness (mama, 마마, 媽媽).
Grand Royal Queen Dowager (daewangdaebi, 대왕대비, 大王大妃), a former consort senior
to two other queend dowagers or the current king's great-grandmother, with the
style of Her Royal Highness (mama, 마마, 媽媽).
Grand Internal Prince (daewongun, 대원군, 大院君),
the father of a king who was unable to take the throne himself as he was not
part of the generation following that of the last incumbent of the throne
(kings who are honored at the royal Jongmyo Shrine must be senior
generation-wise for the current incumbent to pay homage there). There have been
cases when grand chief princes acted as regents for their sons, the last person
to do so having been the Regent Heungseon.
Grand Internal Princess Consort (budaebuin, 부대부인, 府大夫人), the mother of a king
whose father himself never reigned.
Internal
Prince (buwongun, 부원군, 府院君), the
queen consort's father.
Internal
Princess Consort (bubuin, 부부인, 府夫人),
the queen consort's mother.
Prince
(gun, 군,
君), a son born to the match
between the king and a concubine or a descendant of a grand prince. The style
used is His Young Highness (agissi, 아기씨) before marriage and the style His
Excellency (daegam, 대감, 大監)
afterward.
Princess Consort (gunbuin, 군부인, 郡夫人),
the consort of a prince.
Grand Prince (daegun, 대군, 大君),
a prince born to the official match between the king and queen with the style
of His Young Highness (agissi, 아기씨) before marriage and the style His
Excellency (daegam, 대감, 大監)
afterward. The title of a grand prince is not inherited and his sons are
generally referred to as mere princes.
Grand
Princess Consort (bubuin, 부부인, 府夫人),
the consort of a grand prince.
Prince Royal (wonja, 원자, 元子),
the firstborn son of the king before being formally invested as heir apparent,
with the style of His Royal Highness (mama, 마마, 媽媽).
Generally, princes royal were the son who was born first between the king and
his official wife, but there were exceptions when the title of Prince Royal was
given to the firstborn son of the king through a concubine, the most notable
case having occurred in the reign of King Sukjong.
Royal Prince Successor (wangseja, 왕세자, 王世子)
the heir apparent to the throne, with the eldest son of the king given
precedence over his brothers given that there were no major problems with his
conduct, with the simplified title Prince Successor (seja, 세자, 世子) being frequently used
instead of the full name with the style of His Royal Highness (jeoha, 저하, 邸下). In less formal but still
official court language, the title Eastern Palace (donggung, 동궁, 東宮) or Spring Palace (chungung,
춘궁,
春宮) and the style His Royal
Highness (mama, 마마, 媽媽) was used
intermittently with "Prince Successor," although the style was
frequently dropped by more senior members of the royal family.
Royal
Princess Successor Consort (wangsaejabin, 왕세자빈, 王世子嬪), the consort of the heir
apparent, or simply Princess Successor Consort (saejabin, 세자빈, 世子嬪), with the style of Her
Royal Consort Highness (manora, 마노라 or manura, 마누라). Later, as the
distinction between "Her Royal Highness" and "Her Royal Consort
Highness" became unclear due to the influence of the Andong Kim clan, the
style Her Royal Highness (mama, 마마, 媽媽)
also came to apply to the consort of the heir apparent. The style ~ Royal Highness
also came to apply to grand princes, princes, and princess as well for the same
reason.
Princess (gongju, 공주, 公主),
the daughter of the official match between the king and his official wife, with
the style of Her Young Highness (agissi, 아기씨) before marriage and Her Excellency
(jaga, 자가)
afterward.
Princess
(ongju, 옹주,
翁主), the daughter of the king
and one of his concubines, with the style of Her Young Highness (agissi, 아기씨)
before marriage and Her Excellency (jaga, 자가) afterward.
Royal Prince Successor Brother (wangseje, 왕세제, 王世弟), the younger brother of
the king who has been formally invested as heir presumptive as the king has no
offspring.
Royal Prince Successor Descendant (wangseson, 왕세손, 王世孫), the son of the prince successor
and the princess successor consort, and the grandson of the king, with the
style of His Highness (hap-a, 합하, 閤下).
Pictures:
(Park Ji-Hwan/AFP/Getty Images)
Korean Tourism Org
